Heart of Darkness Wikipedia. Heart of Darkness 1. Polish British novelist Joseph Conrad, about a voyage up the Congo River into the Congo Free State, in the heart of Africa, by the storys narrator Charles Marlow. Marlow tells his story to friends aboard a boat anchored on the River Thames, London, England. This setting provides the frame for Marlows story of his obsession with the ivory trader Kurtz, which enables Conrad to create a parallel between London and Africa as places of darkness. Central to Conrads work is the idea that there is little difference between so called civilised people and those described as savages Heart of Darkness raises questions about imperialism and racism. Originally issued as a three part serial story in Blackwoods Magazine to celebrate the thousandth edition of the magazine,4Heart of Darkness has been widely re published and translated into many languages. In 1. 99. 8, the Modern Library ranked Heart of Darkness sixty seventh on their list of the hundred best novels in English of the twentieth century. Composition and publicationeditIn 1. OUTLINES FOR CONCEPTUAL UNITS. If you would like to recommend additional titles for this list, please send the title, author, and appropriate unit to smagouga. All the books that appear on the list The College Board 101 Great Books Recommended for CollegeBound Readers by httpwww. Pearson Custom Library Introduction to Literature List of Selections Instructional Chapters and Glossaries Why Read Literature Active Reading of Literature. A novel of great power that turns the world upside down. The Nigerian novelist Achebe reached back to the early days of his peoples encounter with colonialism, the. An essay on Othello that got 2020 at Sydney Boys High School. The essay question is not on the document this document can be used for note taking purposes. Biography. Chinua Achebe was born on the 16 of November, 1930. Achebes parents, Isaiah Okafo Achebe and Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam, were converts to the Protestant. We opted to present a collection of books that has the ability to change the way you think and feel and reflects our diverse interests here at Powells. We hope you. Conrad was appointed by a Belgian trading company to serve on one of its steamers. While sailing up the Congo river from one station to another, the captain became ill and Conrad assumed command, guiding the ship to the trading companys innermost station. The storys main narrator, Charles Marlow, is based upon the author himself. When Conrad began to write the novella, eight years after returning from Africa, he drew inspiration from his travel journals. He described Heart of Darkness as a wild story of a journalist who becomes manager of a station in the African interior and makes himself worshipped by a tribe of savages. Thus described, the subject seems comic, but it isnt. The tale was first published as a three part serial, February, March and April 1. Blackwoods Magazine February 1. Then later, in 1. Heart of Darkness was included in the book Youth a Narrative, and Two Other Stories published on 1. November 1. 90. 2, by William Blackwood. The volume consisted of Youth a Narrative, Heart of Darkness and The End of the Tether in that order. For future editions of the book, in 1. Conrad wrote an Authors Note where he, after denying any unity of artistic purpose underlying the collection, discusses each of the three stories, and makes light commentary on the character Marlowthe narrator of the tales within the first two stories. He also mentions how Youth marks the first appearance of Marlow. On 3. 1 May 1. 90. William Blackwood, Conrad remarked I call your own kind self to witness. Heart of Darkness where the interview of the man and the girl locks inas it werethe whole 3. Centre of Africa. There have been many proposed sources for the character of the antagonist, Kurtz. Georges Antoine Klein, an agent who became ill and later died aboard Conrads steamer, has been identified by scholars and literary critics as one basis for Kurtz. The principal figures involved in the disastrous rear column of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition have also been identified as likely sources, including column leader Edmund Musgrave Barttelot, slave trader Tippu Tip and the expeditions overall leader, Welsh explorer Henry Morton Stanley. Adam Hochschild, in King Leopolds Ghost, believes that the Belgian soldier Lon Rom is the most important influence on the character. Plot summaryeditAboard the Nellie, anchored in the River Thames near Gravesend, England, Charles Marlow tells his fellow sailors about the events that led to his appointment as captain of a river steamboat for an ivory trading company. As a child, Marlow had been fascinated by the blank spaces on maps, particularly by the biggest, which by the time he had grown up was no longer blank but turned into a place of darkness Conrad 1. Yet there remained a big river, resembling an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country and its tail lost in the depths of the land Conrad 1. The image of this river on the map fascinated Marlow as a snake would a bird Conrad 1. Feeling as though instead of going to the centre of a continent I were about to set off for the centre of the earth, Marlow takes passage on a French steamer bound for the African coast and then into the interior Conrad 1. After more than thirty days the ship anchors off the seat of the government near the mouth of the big river. Marlow, still some two hundred miles to go, now takes passage on a little sea going steamer captained by a Swede. He departs some thirty miles up the river where his Companys station is. Work on the railway is going on, involving removal of rocks with explosives. Marlow enters a narrow ravine to stroll in the shade under the trees, and finds himself in the gloomy circle of some Inferno the place is full of diseased Africans who worked on the railroad and now await their deaths, their sickened bodies already as thin as air Conrad 2. Marlow witnesses the scene horror struck Conrad 2. Marlow has to wait for ten days in the Companys Outer Station, where he sleeps in a hut. At this station, which strikes Marlow as a scene of devastation, he meets the Companys impeccably dressed chief accountant who tells him of a Mr. Kurtz, who is in charge of a very important trading post, and a widely respected, first class agent, a very remarkable person who Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together Conrad 2. The agent predicts that Kurtz will go very far He will be a somebody in the Administration before long. They, abovethe Council in Europe, you knowmean him to be Conrad 2. Old Belgian river station on the Congo River, 1. Marlow departs with a caravan of sixty men to travel on foot some two hundred miles into the wilderness to the Central Station, where the steamboat that he is to captain is based. On the fifteenth day of his march, he arrives at the station, which has some twenty employees, and is shocked to learn from a fellow European that his steamboat had been wrecked in a mysterious accident two days earlier. He meets the general manager, who informs him that he could wait no longer for Marlow to arrive, because the up river stations had to be relieved, and rumours had one important station in jeopardy because its chief, the exceptional Mr. Kurtz, was ill. Hang Kurtz, Marlow thinks, irritated Conrad 3. He fishes his boat out of the river and is occupied with its repair for some months, during which a sudden fire destroys a grass shed full of materials used to trade with the natives. While one of the natives is tortured for allegedly causing the fire, Marlow is invited in the room of the stations brick maker, a man who spent a year waiting for material to make bricks. Marlow gets the impression the man wants to pump him, and is curious to know what kind of information he is after. Hanging on the wall is a small sketch in oils, on a panel, representing a woman draped and blindfolded carrying a lighted torch Conrad 3. Marlow is fascinated with the sinister effect of the torchlight upon the womans face, and is informed that Mr. Kurtz made the painting in the station a year ago. The brick maker calls Kurtz a prodigy and an emissary of pity, and science, and progress, and feels Kurtz represents the higher intelligence, wide sympathies, a singleness of purpose needed for the cause Europe entrusts the Company with Conrad 3. The man predicts Kurtz will rise in the hierarchy within two years and then makes the connection to Marlow The same people who sent him specially also recommended you Conrad 3. Marlow is frustrated by the months it takes to perform the necessary repairs, made all the slower by the lack of proper tools and replacement parts at the station. During this time, he learns that Kurtz is far from admired, but more or less resented mostly by the manager. Introduction to Modern Literary Theory. Psychoanalytic. Criticism. The. application of specific psychological principles particularly. Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. KAWN to the study of literature. Psychoanalytic criticism may focus on the writers psyche, the. Wellek and Warren, p. In. addition to Freud and Lacan, major figures include. Shoshona Felman, Jane Gallop, Norman Holland, George Klein, Elizabeth. Wright, Frederick Hoffman, and, Simon Lesser. Key. Terms Unconscious. Freuds. model of the psyche Id. The id houses. the libido, the source of psychosexual energy. Ego. mostly to partially lt a point of debate conscious. Superego. often thought of as ones conscience the superego. Bressler. see General Resources below. Lacans. model of the psyche Imaginary. Symbolic. the stage marking a childs entrance into language the. Lacanian theory. represents cultural norms, laws, language, and power the. Real. an unattainable stage representing all that a person is. Both Lacan and his critics argue whether. Further. references Elliott. Anthony. Psychoanalytic Theory An Introduction. Oxford Blackwell, 1. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory An Introduction. See chapter 5. Ellmann. Maud, ed. Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism. London. Longman, 1. Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. Gay. Peter, ed. The Freud Reader. London Vintage, 1. Jefferson, Anne and David Robey. Modern Literary Theory. A Comparative Introduction. See Chapter 5. Lacan. Jacques. Ecrits A Selection. Sarup. Madan. Jacques Lacan. London Harvester, Wheatsheaf. Weber, Samuel. The Legend of Freud. See also the works of Harold Bloom, Shoshona Felman, Juliet. Mitchell, Geoffrey Hartman, and Stuart Schniederman. Suggested Websites Marxism. A. sociological approach to literature that viewed works of literature. In Marxist ideology, what we often classify as a world view such. Victorian age is actually the articulations of the dominant. Marxism generally focuses on the clash between the dominant. Contemporary Marxism is much broader in its focus, and views art. The Frankfurt School is also associated with. Marxism Abrams, p. Childers and Hentzi, pp. Major. figures include Karl Marx, Terry Eagleton, Fredric Jameson. Raymond Williams, Louis Althusser ALT whos sair, Walter Benjamin. MEEN, Antonio Gramsci GRAWM shee, Georg Lukacs lou KOTCH. Friedrich Engels, Theordor Adorno a DOR no, Edward Ahern. Gilles Deleuze DAY looz and Felix Guattari GUAT eh ree. Key. Termsnote definitions below taken from Ann. B. Dobies text, Theory into Practice An Introduction to. Literary Criticism see General Resources below Commodificaion. Conspicuous. consumption the obvious acquisition of things. Dialectical. materialism the theory that history develops. For example, class conflicts. Material. circumstances the economic conditions underlying. To understand social events, one must have a grasp. Reflectionism. associated with Vulgar Marxism a theory that the superstructure. Superstructure. The social, political, and ideological systems and institutions for. Further. references Cathouse. Louis. Lenin and Ideology. New York Monthly Review. P, 1. 97. 1. Cary. Nelson, and Lawrence Gross berg, eds. Marxism and the. Interpretation of Culture. London Macmillan, 1. Bullock. Chris and David Peck. Guide to Marxist Criticism. Eagleton. Terry. Criticism and Ideology. New York Schocken. Jay. Martin. Marxism and Totality. Berkeley U of California. P, 1. 93. 5. Jameson. Fredric. Marxism and Form Twentieth Century Dialectical. Theories of Literature. Princeton PUP, 1. Free Youtube Downloader By How 123. Jefferson, Anne and David Robey. Modern Literary Theory. A Comparative Introduction. See chapter 6. Williams. Raymond. Marxism and Literature. Oxford OUP, 1. 97. See. also the works of Walter Benjamin, Tony Bennett, Terry Eagleton. John Frow, Georg Lukacs, Pierre Macherey, Michael Ryan, and. Ronald Taylor. Suggested Websites Postcolonialism. Literally. postcolonialism refers to the period following the decline of. European. empires. Although the term postcolonialism generally. In its use as a critical approach, postcolonialism. European empires, and their. Makaryk 1. 55 see General. Resources below. Among the many challenges facing postcolonial. Edward Said, for example. Orientalism to describe the discourse about the. East constructed by the West. Major. figures. include Edward Said sah EED, Homi Bhabha bah bah, Frantz Fanon. NAWN, Gayatri Spivak, Chinua Achebe ah CHAY bay, Wole. Soyinka, Salman Rushdie, Jamaica Kincaid, and Buchi Emecheta. Key. Terms Alterity. Diaspora. d. I ASP er ah is used without capitalization to refer. Wikipedia. Eurocentrism. European and, generally, Western concerns, culture and. It is an instance. Dictionary. Labor. Law. Talk. comHybridity. The assimilation and adaptation. Dr. John Lye see General Literary. Theory Websites below. Imperialism. the policy of extending the control or authority over. The term is used by some to describe. Dictionary. Labor. Law. Talk. com. Further. Ashcroft. Bill, Griffiths, and Tiffin, Helen. The Empire Writes. Back Theory and Practice in Post Colonial Literatures Ashcroft. Bill. Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin, eds. The Post Colonial. Studies Reader. Guneratne. Anthony R. The Virtual Spaces of Postcoloniality Rushdie. Ondaatje, Naipaul, Bakhtin and the Others. Harding. Sandra and Uma Narayan, ed. Border Crossings Multicultural. Postcolonial Feminist Challenges to Philosophy 2. Indiana University Press, 1. Fanon. Frantz, Black Skin. White Masks. Trans. Charles. Lam Markmann. London Pluto, 1. Said. Edward. Orientalism. Soyinka, Wole. Myth, Literature, and the African World. Spivak. Gayatri Chakravorty. In Other Worlds Essays in Cultural. Politics. London Routledge, 1. Spivak. Gayatri Chakravorty. The Post Colonial Critic Interviews. Strategies, Dialogues. Ed. Sarah Harasym. London Routledge. Trinh. T. Minh Ha, Woman. Native, Other Writing Postcoloniality. Feminism. Bloomington Indiana University Press. See writings of Jamaica Kincaid, Nadine Gordimer, Wole Soyinka. R. K. Narayan, Yasunari Kawabata, Anita Desai, Frantz Fanon. Kazuo Ishiguro, Chinea Acheve, J. M. Coetzee, Anthol Fugard. Kamala Das, Tsitsi Dangarembga, etc. Suggested. Websites Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy promoted especially by Jean Paul. Sartre and Albert Camus that views each person as an isolated. A persons. life, then, as it moves from the nothingness from which it came. Guerin. In a world without. Sartre viewed. as human beings central dilemma Man woman is condemned. In contrast to atheist existentialism, Sren. Kierkegaard theorized that belief in God given that we are provided. The major figures include Sren. Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Jean Paul. Sartre sart or SAR treh, Albert Camus kah MUE or ka MOO. Simone de Beauvoir bohv WAHR, Martin Buber, Karl Jaspers YASS pers. Maurice Merleau Ponty mer LOH pawn TEE. Key. Terms Absurd. Authenticity. to make choices based on an individual code of ethics. A choice. made just because its what people do would be considered. Leap. of faith although Kierkegaard acknowledged. Christianity would also lessen the despair. Further. references Barrett. William. Irrational Man A Study in Existential Philosophy. Camus. Albert. The Stranger. Cooper. D. Existentialism, Oxford Blackwell, 1. Hannay. A. Kierkegaard, London Routledge, 1. Heidegger. Martin. Being and Time. Tr. John Macquarrie and Edward. Robinson. New York Harper and Row, 1. Kierkegaard, Sren. Fear and Trembling. Lentricchia. Frank. After the New Criticism. See chapter 3. Marcel. G. The Philosophy of Existentialism, New York Citadel. Press, 1. 96. 8. Moran. R. Authority and Estrangement An Essay on Self Knowledge. Princeton Princeton University Press, 2. Nietzsche, Fredrich. Beyond Good and Evil. Ricoeur. P. Oneself as Another. Tr. Kathleen Blamey. Chicago. University of Chicago Press, 1. Sartre. Jean Paul. Existentialism and Humanism and Being. Nothingness. Taylor.